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| hist. mil. pol. traité {m} de Bucarest [1812] | Treaty of Bucharest [1812] [between the Ottoman and Russian Empires, ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1806–12 and freeing Russia to concentrate on the upcoming war with France] | |
| hist. mil. pol. traité {m} de Paris [1856] | Treaty of Paris of 1856 [to end the Crimean War between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, Great Britain, the 2nd French Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia] | |
| hist. mil. pol. guerre {f} des Deux-Roses | War of the Roses [series of civil wars in England between 1455 and 1487, when the House of Lancaster and the House of York fought for control of the throne of England] | |
| hist. mil. pol. bataille {f} d'Abrittus [251] [aussi : bataille du forum Terebronii] | Battle of Abritus [251] [also: Battle of Forum Terebronii] [heavy defeat of Roman army by federation of Goths and Scyths] | |
| hist. mil. pol. bataille {m} de Marchfeld [1278] | Battle on the Marchfeld [1278] [decisive event for the history of Central Europe for the following centuries when the German king Rudolph I of Habsburg defeated king Ottokar II of Bohemia] | |
| géogr. pol. Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès {f} [aussi : Saint-Christophe-et-Nevis, Saint-Kitts-et-Nevis ou Fédération de Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès] | Saint Kitts and Nevis <.kn> [also: Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis] | |
| hist. pol. paix {f} des Dames [1529] [aussi : paix de Cambrai] | Treaty of Cambrai [also: Ladies' Peace] [negotiated by Louise of Savoy (for King Francis) and Margaret of Austria (for Emperor Charles). Renewed 1526 Treaty of Madrid, removing Burgundy transfer] | |
| hist. mil. pol. guerre {f} franco-allemande de 1870-1871 [aussi : guerre franco-prussienne, guerre de 1870 ou guerre de septante] | Franco-Prussian War [1870-1871] [also: Franco-German War or War of 1870] | |
| hist. mil. pol. guerre {f} d'indépendance espagnole [1808-1814] | Spanish War of Independence [1808-1814] [also: Peninsular War] [military conflict fought by Spain, UK and Portugal against France for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars] | |
| hist. pol. Couronne {f} de fer | Iron Crown [reliquary and one of the oldest royal insignia of Christendom. A relic from the Kingdom of the Lombards, used for the coronation of the Holy Roman Emperors as Kings of Italy] | |
| hist. mil. pol. traité {m} de Paris [1856] | Treaty of Paris [1856] [ended the Crimean War between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdom, the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia] | |
| hist. mil. pol. traité {m} de Brétigny [1360] [traité de Calais] | Treaty of Brétigny [Treaty signed in 1360 between King Edward III of England and King John II of France, marking the end of the first phase of the 100 Years' War] | |
| hist. mil. pol. guerre {f} de la Sixième Coalition [1813-1814] | War of the Sixth Coalition [1813-1814] [coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, UK, Portugal, Sweden, Spain and some German States defeated France and drove Napoleon into exile on Elba] | |
| hist. pol. traité {m} d'Arras [1435] | Treaty of Arras [1435] [diplomatic achievement for France in final years of the 100 Years' War. France & Burgundy were reconciled and from 1435, English rule in France underwent steady decline.] | |
| hist. pol. paix {f} de Westphalie [1648] [aussi : traités de Westphalie] | Peace of Westphalia [1648] [2 treaties which ended the 30 Years' War and the 80 Years' War and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire] | |
| hist. mil. pol. traité {m} de Campo-Formio [1797] | Treaty of Campo Formio [1797] [signed by Napoleon and the Austrian Monarchy, ending the War of the First Coalition and left UK fighting alone against revolutionary France] | |
| hist. mil. pol. traité {m} de Paris [1796] | Treaty of Paris [1796] [between French Republic and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia during the War of the First Coalition] | |
| hist. mil. pol. bataille {f} d'Audenarde [1708] | Battle of Oudenarde [1708] [also: Battle of Oudenaarde] [great victory for the Grand Alliance over France in the War of the Spanish Succession] | |
| hist. rafle {f} du Vél d'Hiv [1942] [Vélodrome d'Hiver] | Vel' d'Hiv' Roundup [1942] [mass arrest of foreign Jewish families by French police and gendarmes at the behest of the German authorities] | |
| hist. mil. pol. traité {m} de Paris [1763] | Treaty of Paris [1763] [between kingdoms of Great Britain, France, Spain, & Portugal, after Great Britain and Prussia's victory over France and Spain in the Seven Years' War] | |
| hist. mil. pol. bataille {f} de l'Èbre [1938] | Battle of the Ebro [1938] [longest and largest battle of the Spanish Civil War] | |
| hist. pol. traité {m} de Paris [1718] | Treaty of Paris [1718] [between the Regent of the Kingdom of France, Philip of Orléans, and the Duke of Lorraine, transferring ownership of lands in Grand Est and Saarland] | |
| hist. mil. pol. bataille {f} de Saint-Privat [1870] [aussi : bataille de Gravelotte] | Battle of Gravelotte [1870] [also: Battle of Gravelotte–St. Privat] [Prussian victory in largest and decisive battle of the Franco-Prussian War] | |
| hist. mil. pol. Commune {f} de Paris [1871] | Paris Commune [1871] [after the Franco-Prussion War, soldiers of the National Guard seized control of the city and attempted to establish an independent government] | |
| géogr. hist. Valachie {f} | Wallachia [also: Walachia] [historical and geographical region of Romania, situated north of the Lower Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians] | |
| hist. pol. paix {f} d'Amiens [1802] | Treaty of Amiens [1802] [signed by France and UK. Along with Treaty of Lunéville (1801), it ended the War of the 2nd Coalition against France. Peace lasted 1 year] | |
| cuis. pissaladière {f} | [Speciality of Ligurian and Nice cusine] [flatbread with toppings usually of caramelised onions, black olives, and anchovies] | |
| hist. mil. pol. bataille {f} de Brouwershaven [1426] | Battle of Brouwershaven [in 1426, was part of the (1345-1490) wars over control of the Low Countries and resulted in victory for the Duke of Burgundy against mainly English forces] | |
| pol. oblast {m} | oblast [a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the former Soviet Union and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia] | |
| géogr. hist. mil. bataille {f} de Morgarten [1315] | Battle of Morgarten [in 1315, the Confederates of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden defeated a Habsburg army, laying foundation for future independence of the Swiss Confederacy] | |
| hist. mil. pol. traité {m} de Paris [1783] | Treaty of Paris [1783] [between Great Britain and representatives of the United States, officially ended the American Revolutionary War] | |
| hist. mil. pol. guerre {f} de Succession de Mantoue [1628 - 1631] | War of the Mantuan Succession [1628 - 1631] [a proxy war between France and Spain during the 30 Years' War] | |
| hist. mil. pol. bataille {f} d'Ayacucho [1824] | Battle of Ayacucho [1824] [secured the independence of Peru and ensured independence for the rest of South America] | |
| myth. Parques {f.pl} | Parcae [also: the Fates] [female personifications of destiny who directed the lives (and deaths) of humans and gods in Roman mythology] | |
| hist. mil. pol. siège {m} d'Orléans [1428/9] | siege of Orléans [1428/9] [the watershed of the 100 Years' War with a major victory for the French Royal Army with Joan of Arc] | |
| hist. mil. pol. guerre {f} de la Ligue d'Augsbourg [1688-1697] [aussi: guerre de Neuf Ans, guerre de la Succession palatine ou guerre de la Grande Alliance] | Nine Years' War [1688-1697] [also: War of the Grand Alliance or War of the League of Augsburg] | |
| hist. pol. traité {m} de Paris [1947] | Treaty of Paris [1947] [formally established peace between the World War II Allies and Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Romania and Finland] | |
| hist. mil. pol. traité {m} de Fontainebleau [1807] | Treaty of Fontainebleau [1807] [secret agreement signed between King Charles IV of Spain and the French Emperor Napoleon, to drive the House of Braganza from and divide the Kingdom of Portugal] | |
| hist. mil. harki {m} | Harki [generic term for native Muslim Algerians who served as auxiliaries in the French Army during the Algerian War of Independence from 1954 to 1962] | |
| hist. mil. bataille {f} de Malakoff [1855] | Battle of Malakoff [1855] [French victory against the Russian forces resulted in the fall of Sevastopol, and subsequent end to the Crimean War] | |
| hist. mil. pol. traité {m} de Koutchouk-Kaïnardji [1774] | Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca [1774] [between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–74] | |
| hist. mil. bataille {f} de La Corogne [1809] | Battle of Corunna [also: Battle of Elviña] [early in the Peninsular War, the French Army humiliated the British Army and forced it to evacuate by sea] | |
| hist. mil. pol. traité {m} de Paris [1259] [aussi : traité d'Abbeville] | Treaty of Paris [1259] [also: Treaty of Abbeville] [between Kings of France and England, ending 100 years of conflicts between the Capetian and Plantagenet dynasties] | |
| hist. Philippe {m} le Beau [1478-1506] [Philippe de Habsbourg] | Philip the Handsome [1478-1506] [ruler of the Burgundian Netherlands and titular Duke of Burgundy from 1482 to 1506 and the first Habsburg King of Castile (as Philip I)] | |
| hist. pol. doge {m} | Doge [elected lord and Chief of State in several Italian city-states, notably Venice and Genoa, during the medieval and renaissance periods] | |
| hist. mil. chevauchée {f} | [a raiding method of medieval warfare for weakening the enemy, primarily by burning and pillaging enemy territory] | |
| hist. pol. maison {f} de Hanovre [1635-1918] | House of Hanover [1635-1918] [also: House of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Hanover line] [German royal house that ruled Hanover, Great Britain, and Ireland at various times during the 17C to 20C] | |
| hist. pol. Sérénissime Maison {f} de Bragance | Most Serene House of Braganza [also: Brigantine Dynasty] [a dynasty of emperors, kings, princes, and dukes of Portuguese origin which reigned in Europe and the Americas] | |
| hist. Philippe {m} le Bon [Philippe III de Bourgogne] [1396-1467] | Philip the Good [1396-1467] [Duke of Burgundy 1419 until death. During his reign, the Burgundian State reached the apex of its prosperity and prestige, and became a leading centre of the arts] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. traité {m} de paix de Delft [réconciliation de Delft] [1428] | Treaty of Delft [Reconciliation of Delft] [in 1428, ended hostilities between Duke of Burgundy and Countess of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut to effect that the Duke would administer these lands] | |