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| relig. évêque {m} de Winchester | Bishop of Winchester [diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Winchester, one of the oldest and most important in England] | |
| écon. pol. événement {m} du cygne noir | black swan event [event that comes as a surprise and has a major effect] | |
| hist. Knut {m} le Grand | Canute the Great [king of Denmark, England and Norway] [also: Cnut the Great] | |
| Charles {m} le Téméraire [1433-1477] | Charles the Bold [was Duke of Burgundy 1467-1477. Tried and failed to turn the Burgundian State into a territorially continuous Kingdom, leading to centuries of European disputes.] | |
| hist. Charles {m} III le Simple [879-929] | Charles the Simple [879-929] [also: Charles the Straightforward] [ King of West Francia from 898 until 922 and the king of Lotharingia from 911 until 923. A member of the Carolingian dynasty] | |
| hist. pol. charte {f} de Cortenbergh [1312] | Charter of Kortenberg [signed by Duke of Brabant in 1312. Similar to, but broader than, English Magna Carta as it included all citizens and not just the Barons] | |
| chim. matériel acier {m} chromé | chromium alloy steel [alloy of iron and chromium] | |
| anat. polygone {m} de Willis [aussi : cercle artériel du cerveau] | circle of Willis [also: Willis' circle, loop of Willis, cerebral arterial circle, and Willis polygon] | |
| cuis. confit {m} de canard | confit of duck [cooked and preserved in own fat] | |
| cuis. confit {m} d'oie | confit of goose [cooked and preserved in own fat] | |
| hist. pol. congrès {m} d'Arras [1435] | Congress of Arras [in 1435, 1st international peace conference between France, England & Burgundy and observers from Aragon, Bohemia, Brittany, Castile, Denmark, Holy Roman Empire, and many more.] | |
| hist. pol. congrès {m} d'Erfurt [1808] [aussi : entrevue d'Erfurt] | Congress of Erfurt [1808] [after Tilsit (1807) the final meeting between Napoleon and Alexander I of Russia] | |
| hist. mil. pol. convention {f} de Tauroggen [1812] | Convention of Tauroggen [1812] [armistice between Prussia and Russia, which triggered an ininsurgency against Napoleon in the Confederation of the Rhine] | |
| géogr. hist. comté {m} de Flandre | County of Flanders [historic territory in the Low Countries founded in 862, centred around the cities of Ghent, Bruges and Ypres] | |
| géogr. hist. comté {m} de Hainaut [ou Hainau] | County of Hainaut [or Hainault] [territorial lordship in the medieval Holy Roman Empire, straddling today's border of Belgium and France; main towns Mons (BG) and Valenciennes (FR)] | |
| géogr. hist. comté {m} de Hollande | County of Holland [originally a State of the Holy Roman Empire and from 1433 part of the Burgundian Netherlands] | |
| géogr. hist. comté {m} de Zélande | County of Zeeland [county of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, covering an area in the Scheldt and Meuse delta (roughly today's Dutch province of Zeeland)] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. duché {m} de Clèves [1417-1815] | Duchy of Cleves [1417-1815] [a State of the Holy Roman Empire, situated in the northern Rhineland, today part in Germany and part in the Netherlands] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. duché {m} de Parme et Plaisance [1545-1802 and 1814-1858] | Duchy of Parma [1545-1802 and 1814-1858] [also: Duchy of Parma and Piacenza] [a historic state in northern Italy] | |
| alim. cuis. thé {m} à la bergamote | Earl Grey tea [combination of black tea and bergamot orange extract] | |
| hist. mil. pol. guerre {f} de Quatre-Vingts Ans [1568-1648] [aussi : révolte des Pays-Bas] | Eighty Years' War [1568-1648] [also: Dutch Revolt] [armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between groups of rebels and the Spanish government] | |
| hist. mil. pol. chute {f} de Constantinople [1453] [Aussi : prise de Constantinople] | Fall of Constantinople [in 1453, the Ottoman Empire captured the capital of the Byzantine Empire, marking its end, and effectively the end of the Roman Empire] | |
| hist. pol. Frédéric-Guillaume {m} I de Prusse [1688-1740] [aussi : le Roi-Sergent] | Frederick William I [1688-1740] [also: the Soldier King] [King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death in 1740] | |
| hist. mil. pol. grande guerre {f} du Nord [1700 - 1721] | Great Northern War [1700 - 1721] [Russia and allies against Sweden] | |
| adm. géogr. Hauts-de-France {m.pl} [région administrative française] [région Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie] | Hauts-de-France [name since 2016 of the previous regions Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardie] | |
| géogr. hist. littérat. Hécatée {m} de Milet [écrivain d'histoire et de géographie grecque] | Hecataeus of Miletus [ancient Greek historian and geographer] | |
| hist. pol. maison {f} de Hanovre [1635-1918] | House of Hanover [1635-1918] [also: House of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Hanover line] [German royal house that ruled Hanover, Great Britain, and Ireland at various times during the 17C to 20C] | |
| hist. maison {f} Plantagenêt | House of Plantagenet [a Royal House which originated from the lands of Anjou in France, ruling England between 1154 and 1485] | |
| hist. Jeanne {f} la Folle [1479-1555] [Jeanne I de Castille] | Joanna the Mad [1479-1555] [Joanna I] [Queen of Castile from 1504 and Queen of Aragon from 1516 to 1555. Modern Spain evolved from the union of these two kingdoms] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. royaume {m} d'Aragon | Kingdom of Aragon [a medieval and early modern kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula. In 1479, the crowns of Aragon and Castile were united to form the nucleus of modern Spain.] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. royaume {m} de Castille | Kingdom of Castile [large and powerful state on the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. In 1479, the crowns of Aragon and Castile were united to form the nucleus of modern Spain.] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. royaume {m} de Naples | Kingdom of Naples [comprised the part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816.] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. royaume {m} de Navarre | Kingdom of Navarre [Basque kingdom that occupied lands on either side of the western Pyrenees, alongside the Atlantic Ocean between present-day Spain and France between 824 and 1620] | |
| hist. pol. royaume {m} de Pologne | Kingdom of Poland [existed, not continually, at various times between 1025 and 1918] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. royaume {m} de Portugal | Kingdom of Portugal [monarchy on the Iberian Peninsula (1139 - 1910) and the predecessor of the modern Portuguese Republic.] | |
| hist. mil. pol. massacre {m} de Samothrace [1821] | massacre of Samothrace [1821] [mass murder and enslavement of the Greek population of the island of Samothrace] | |
| alpin. géogr. Mer {f} de Glace [ glacier de vallée alpin situé sur le versant septentrional du massif du Mont-Blanc] | Mer de Glace [longest and largest glacier in France] | |
| arch. hist. pol. château {m} de Fontainebleau | Palace of Fontainebleau [also: Château de Fontainebleau] [the medieval castle and subsequent palace served as a residence for the French monarchs from Louis VII to Napoleon III] | |
| hist. pol. paix {f} d'Amasya [1555] [aussi : traité d'Amasya] | Peace of Amasya [1555] [between Safavid Iran and the Ottoman Empire] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. traité {m} de Münster [1648] | Peace of Münster [1648] [between Seven United Netherlands and the Spanish Crown recognising the independent Dutch Republic] | |
| hist. mil. pol. traité {m} de Presbourg [1805] | Peace of Pressburg [1805] [also: Treaty of Pressburg] [signed by Napoleon (France) and Francis II (Austria) after Austrian defeats at Ulm & Austerlitz] | |
| hist. pol. paix {f} de Westphalie [1648] [aussi : traités de Westphalie] | Peace of Westphalia [1648] [2 treaties which ended the 30 Years' War and the 80 Years' War and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire] | |
| hist. Philippe {m} le Bon [Philippe III de Bourgogne] [1396-1467] | Philip the Good [1396-1467] [Duke of Burgundy 1419 until death. During his reign, the Burgundian State reached the apex of its prosperity and prestige, and became a leading centre of the arts] | |
| hist. Philippe {m} le Beau [1478-1506] [Philippe de Habsbourg] | Philip the Handsome [1478-1506] [ruler of the Burgundian Netherlands and titular Duke of Burgundy from 1482 to 1506 and the first Habsburg King of Castile (as Philip I)] | |
| tourisme VocVoy. chambre {f} d'hôtes | rooms for rent [on a bed and breakfast basis] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. sac {m} de Liège [1468] | sacking of Liège [in 1468, after an uprising, the Duke of Burgundy ordered the town to be razed to the ground and a quarter of the inhabitants were killed.] | |
| tech. chariot {m} de pré-montage | set-up cart [in workshop, production and assembly departments] | |
| hist. mil. pol. bataille {f} de Bagdad [1258] | siege of Baghdad [1258] [Mongol Empire defeated the Abbasid Caliphate and annexed Mesopotamia] | |
| hist. mil. pol. siège {m} de Carthage [149-146 av. J.-C.] | siege of Carthage [149 - 146 BC] [Roman victory and destruction of Carthage] | |
| arch. géogr. relig. cathédrale {f} Saint-Guy [Prague] [aussi : cathédrale Saint-Guy, Saint-Venceslas et Saint-Adalbert] | St. Vitus Cathedral [also: Metropolitan Cathedral of Saints Vitus, Wenceslaus and Adalbert] | |