 | French | English  | |
 | jusqu'à ce que {conj} [+subj.] | before [until] | |
| en attendant {adv} | meanwhile [until then] | |
| en attendant {prep} | pending [until, while waiting for] | |
| pas lustré {adj} | unpolished [not cleaned until shiny] | |
| pas poli {adj} | unpolished [not cleaned until shiny] | |
| jusqu'à présent {adv} | yet [until now] | |
| Verbs |
| repaître qn./qc. [littéraire] [donner à manger, à becquée / béquée] | to feed sb./sth. [until full] | |
| Nouns |
| géogr. hist. pol. Berry {m} [aussi : Berri] | Berry [former province located in central France, until departments replaced the provinces in 1790] | |
| hist. [ancienne institution britannique pour jeunes délinquants] {noun} | borstal [Br.] [youth detention centre until 1982] | |
| hist. pol. Directoire {m} [1795-1799] | Directory [1795-1799] [also: Directorate] [governing five-member committee in the French First Republic from 1795 until 1799, when it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte] | |
| hist. mil. pol. Napoléon {m} Bonaparte [1769-1821] [aussi : Napoléon I] | Napoleon [also: Napoléon Bonaparte ] [1769-1821] [As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814 and again in 1815] | |
| 2 Words |
| hist. pol. Frédéric {m} II de Prusse [1712-1786] [aussi : Frédéric le Grand or le vieux Fritz] | Frederick II [1712-1786] [also: Frederick the Great or The Old Fritz] [King of Prussia from 1740 until his death in 1786] | |
| hist. pol. Louis {m} XIV [1638-1715] [aussi : Louis le Grand ou le Roi-Soleil] | Louis XIV [1638-1715] [also: Louis the Great or the Sun King] [King of France from 1643 until his death] | |
| hist. pol. Louis {m} XV [1710-1774] [aussi : Louis le Bien-Aimé] | Louis XV [1710-1774] [also: Louis the Beloved] [ King of France 1715 until his death in 1774. His reign included the 7 Years' War when France ceded New France to Britain] | |
| hist. pol. Louis {m} XVI [1754-1793] | Louis XVI [1754-1793] [the last King of France from 1774 until he was guillotined and the fall of the monarchy in 1793 during the French Revolution] | |
| hist. Maximilien {m} d'Autriche [1459-1519] [Maximilien Ier] | Maximilian I [1459-1519] [Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death. He married Mary of Burgundy, expanding his influence. However, he lost the original family lands in Switzerland] | |
| hist. ling. moyen {m} néerlandais [vieux] | Middle Dutch [until approx. 1500, pre-cursor of Modern Dutch language] | |
| 3 Words |
| hist. Charles {m} III le Simple [879-929] | Charles the Simple [879-929] [also: Charles the Straightforward] [ King of West Francia from 898 until 922 and the king of Lotharingia from 911 until 923. A member of the Carolingian dynasty] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. duché {m} de Carinthie | Duchy of Carinthia [a State of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806] | |
| hist. pol. Frédéric-Guillaume {m} I de Prusse [1688-1740] [aussi : le Roi-Sergent] | Frederick William I [1688-1740] [also: the Soldier King] [King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death in 1740] | |
| hist. pol. Frédéric-Guillaume {m} II [1744-1797] | Frederick William II [1744-1797] [King of Prussia from 1786 until his death in 1797] | |
| hist. pol. Frédéric-Guillaume {m} III [1770-1840] | Frederick William III [1770-1840] [ King of Prussia from 1797 until his death in 1840, ruling during the difficult times of the Napoleonic Wars] | |
| hist. Marie {f} de Bourgogne [1457-1482] | Mary of Burgundy [1457-1482] [Duchess of Burgundy 1477 until death. She married Maximilian of Habsburg, a turning point in European politics] | |
| hist. Philippe {m} le Bon [Philippe III de Bourgogne] [1396-1467] | Philip the Good [1396-1467] [Duke of Burgundy 1419 until death. During his reign, the Burgundian State reached the apex of its prosperity and prestige, and became a leading centre of the arts] | |
| géogr. hist. mil. siège {m} de Calais [1346-7] | siege of Calais [part of 100 Years' War. After victory at Crécy, King Edward III of England successfully besieged Calais which remained in English hands until 1558] | |
| hist. pol. serment {m} du Jeu de paume [1789] | Tennis Court Oath [a pivotal event in the French Revolution. In 1789, the members of the French Third Estate voted "not to separate until the Constitution of the kingdom is established"] | |
| 4 Words |
| hist. pol. Alexandre {m} I de Russie [1777-1825] [aussi : Alexandre Pavlovitch Romanov] | Alexander I of Russia [1777-1825] [Emperor of Russia (Tsar) from 1801 until death, ruling during the period of the Napoleonic Wars] | |
| hist. méd. passe {m} sanitaire (étendu) [aussi : pass sanitaire] | COVID-19 immunity passport [until 24.01.2022] | |
| 5+ Words |
| géogr. hist. condominium {m} des Nouvelles-Hébrides | Condominium of the New Hebrides [until 1980] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. sérénissime république {f} de Venise [697 - 1797] | Most Serene Republic of Venice [also: Venetian Republic] [a sovereign maritime republic in parts of present-day northeastern Italy, which existed from 697 until 1797] | |
