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| géogr. hist. Kennemerland {m} | Kennemerland [coastal region in the northwestern Netherlands, its name comes from the Kennemer people, who were Frisians that fought with the Counts of Holland and lost in the Middle Ages] | |
| géogr. pol. Les Marches {f} [région d'Italie] | Marche [region in Italy] [aussi : The Marches] | |
| cuis. salers {m} | salers [semi-hard cheese originating from Salers, in the volcanic region of the Auvergne] | |
| ethn. géogr. Les Gullah {m.pl} | The Gullah {pl} [African American ethnic group who predominantly live in the south-eastern Lowcountry region of the U.S.] | |
| yonnais {adj} | [from the Roche-sur-Yon region, in Vendée] | |
| géogr. Guadeloupe {f} [un archipel des Caraïbes, formant une région et un département d'outre-mer français] | Guadeloupe <.gp> [an archipelago and overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean] | |
| cuis. pain {m} des Abers | [large farmhouse loaf, speciality of the Abers coastal region in Brittany] | |
| hist. la Reconquista {f} [la Reconquête] | The Reconquista [period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula between the Battle of Covadonga (718 or 722) and the fall of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada in 1492] | |
| cuis. aligot {m} | aligot [dish made from cheese blended into mashed potatoes (often with some garlic) that is made in L'Aubrac region in the southern Massif Central of France] | |
| hist. pol. serment {m} du Jeu de paume [1789] | Tennis Court Oath [a pivotal event in the French Revolution. In 1789, the members of the French Third Estate voted "not to separate until the Constitution of the kingdom is established"] | |
| du terroir {adj} [spécifique de la région] | local [of the region, accent etc.] | |
| trains transp. carte {f} orange® [Paris] | season ticket [in the Paris region] | |
| ichtyo. pêcherie {f} sur pilotis | [fisherman's cabin on stilts typically found in coastal region around the Loire estuary] | |
| hist. pol. traité {m} de Karlowitz [1699] | Treaty of Karlowitz [1699] [concluded the Great Turkish War of 1683–1697, establishing the Habsburg monarchy as the dominant power of the region] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. duché {m} de Clèves [1417-1815] | Duchy of Cleves [1417-1815] [a State of the Holy Roman Empire, situated in the northern Rhineland, today part in Germany and part in the Netherlands] | |
| géogr. hist. comté {m} de Zélande | County of Zeeland [county of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, covering an area in the Scheldt and Meuse delta (roughly today's Dutch province of Zeeland)] | |
| géogr. pol. duché {m} de Bourgogne | Duchy of Burgundy [emerged in the 9th century as one of the successors of the ancient Kingdom of the Burgundians] | |
| hist. mil. bataille {f} de Poitiers [1356] | Battle of Poitiers [in 1356 was the 2nd major success, after Crécy, by England under Edward, the Black Prince, against France, under King John II, in the 100 Years' War] | |
| géogr. hist. comté {m} de Flandre | County of Flanders [historic territory in the Low Countries founded in 862, centred around the cities of Ghent, Bruges and Ypres] | |
| géogr. hist. Occitanie {f} [région historique, linguistique et culturelle d'Europe du Sud] | Occitania [historical region in southern Europe] | |
| hist. mil. bataille {f} de Patay [1429] | Battle of Patay [in 1429, the culminating engagement of the Loire Campaign of the 100 Years' War, when the French cavalry inflicted a severe defeat on the English.] | |
| arts relig. L'Adoration {f} de l'Agneau mystique [aussi : Autel de Gand] | The Ghent Altarpiece [also: the Adoration of the Mystic Lamb] [a large 15C polyptych altarpiece in St Bavo's Cathedral, Ghent, begun in the mid-1420s and completed by 1432.] | |
| géogr. îles {f.pl} Lucaye | Lucayan Archipelago [also: Bahama Archipelago] [an island group in the western North Atlantic Ocean comprising the Commonwealth of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands] | |
| hist. pol. guelfes {m.pl} | Guelphs [faction supporting the Pope in 12C and 13C in the Italian city-states of Central and Northern Italy] | |
| hist. mil. pol. bataille {f} de Brouwershaven [1426] | Battle of Brouwershaven [in 1426, was part of the (1345-1490) wars over control of the Low Countries and resulted in victory for the Duke of Burgundy against mainly English forces] | |
| hist. pol. gibelins {m.pl} | Ghibellines [faction supporting the Holy Roman Emperor in 12C and 13C in the Italian city-states of Central and Northern Italy] | |
| géogr. hist. duché {m} de Brabant | Duchy of Brabant [a State of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1183. Most of the duchy's former territories, are in today's Belgium except for the Dutch province of North Brabant] | |
| hist. mil. pol. bataille {f} de Nancy [1477] | Battle of Nancy [in 1477, the final and decisive battle in the Burgundian Wars. The Duke of Burgundy was defeated and killed by Lorraine and Swiss forces (funded by France)] | |
| hist. mil. pol. guerre {f} du Rif [1921-1927] | Rif War [1921-1927] [armed conflict between the colonialists of Spain and the Berber tribes of the mountainous Rif region of northern Morocco] | |
| arch. relig. Rouge Cloître {m} | Red Cloister [Augustinian Priory, founded in 1367, in the Sonian Forest, in SE Brussels] | |
| hist. droit {m} de cuissage | ius primae noctis [supposed legal right in medieval Europe, allowing feudal lords to have sexual relations with subordinate women, in particular, on the wedding nights of the women] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. royaume {m} de Castille | Kingdom of Castile [large and powerful state on the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. In 1479, the crowns of Aragon and Castile were united to form the nucleus of modern Spain.] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. sac {m} de Liège [1468] | sacking of Liège [in 1468, after an uprising, the Duke of Burgundy ordered the town to be razed to the ground and a quarter of the inhabitants were killed.] | |
| hist. mil. pol. chute {f} de Constantinople [1453] [Aussi : prise de Constantinople] | Fall of Constantinople [in 1453, the Ottoman Empire captured the capital of the Byzantine Empire, marking its end, and effectively the end of the Roman Empire] | |
| hist. pol. Philippe {m} VI de Valois [1293-1350] | Philip VI of Valois [1293-1350] [also Philip the Fortunate, King of France 1328-1350. His reign was dominated by a succession dispute, resulting in the start of the 100 Years' War in 1337] | |
| hist. béguine {f} | beguine [member of one of various ascetic and philanthropic communities of women not under vows founded chiefly in the Netherlands in the 13C] | |
| géogr. hist. mil. siège {m} de Badajoz [1812] | siege of Badajoz [also: 3rd siege of Badajoz] [one of the bloodiest sieges in the Napoleonic Wars, where Anglo-Portuguese Army forced the surrender of the French garrison] | |
| hist. droit {m} de cuissage | droit du seigneur [supposed legal right in medieval Europe, allowing feudal lords to have sexual relations with subordinate women, in particular, on the wedding nights of the women] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. grand-duché {m} de Lituanie [1251-1795] | Grand Duchy of Lithuania [1251-1795] [European State and, in the 15C, the largest in Europe] | |
| dr. sociol. Code {m} noir | Code noir [decree passed by King Louis XIV of France in 1685 defining the conditions of slavery in the French colonial empire] | |
| géogr. territoire {m} de Memel [aussi : région de Klaipėda] | Klaipėda County [previously in East Prussia, now a county in Lithuania] | |
| hist. mil. pol. bataille {f} de Castillon [1453] | Battle of Castillon [decisive French victory in 1453 against England marked the end of the 100 Years' War. Considered the first major battle won through the extensive use of field artillery] | |
| géogr. hist. Valachie {f} | Wallachia [also: Walachia] [historical and geographical region of Romania, situated north of the Lower Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians] | |
| pol. Ordre {m} de la Toison d'or | Distinguished Order of the Golden Fleece [Catholic order of chivalry founded by the Duke of Burgundy in 1430. Today, 2 branches of the order exist, namely the Spanish and the Austrian Fleece ] | |
| hist. mil. pol. bataille {f} de Guinegatte [1479] | Battle of Guinegate [in 1479, first battle in what became over 500 years of conflict between France and the Habsburgs, Battle won by the Habsburgs] | |
| géogr. Grandes Antilles {f.pl} | Greater Antilles [a grouping of the larger islands in the Caribbean Sea, including Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and the Cayman Islands] | |
| hist. mil. bataille {f} de Rossbach [1757] | Battle of Rossbach [1757] [decisive battle in 7 Years' War in which the Frederick the Great's Prussian Army defeated a much larger combined French & Austrian Army] | |
| horl. sci. conférence {f} internationale de Washington [1884] | International Meridian Conference [1884] [resulted in the recommendation of the Greenwich Meridian as the international standard for zero degrees longitude] | |
| hist. calendes {m} | calends [first day of the month in the ancient Roman calendar] | |
| hist. mil. bataille {f} de Malakoff [1855] | Battle of Malakoff [1855] [French victory against the Russian forces resulted in the fall of Sevastopol, and subsequent end to the Crimean War] | |