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| hist. mil. pol. bataille {f} de Five Forks [1865] [surnommée le « Waterloo de la Confédération »] | Battle of Five Forks [1865] [sometimes called "the Waterloo of the Confederacy"] [Union victory] | |
| hist. mil. pol. guerre {f} de Quatre-Vingts Ans [1568-1648] [aussi : révolte des Pays-Bas] | Eighty Years' War [1568-1648] [also: Dutch Revolt] [armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between groups of rebels and the Spanish government] | |
| hist. mil. pol. révolte {f} des Boxers [1899-1901] [aussi : révolte des Boxeurs ou guerre des Boxers] | Boxer Rebellion [1899-1901] [also: Boxer Uprising, the Boxer Insurrection, or the Yihetuan Movement,] | |
| géogr. hist. mil. bataille {m} de Bailén [1808] [aussi : bataille de Baylen] | Battle of Bailén [1808] [the first open-field defeat of a Napoleonic army - by the Spanish Army of Andalusia] | |
| hist. mil. pol. guerres {f.pl} xhosas [1779-1879] [aussi : guerres cafres] | Xhosa Wars [1779-1879] [also: Cape Frontier Wars or Kaffir Wars] [series of 9 wars between the Xhosa Kingdom and the British Empire] | |
| géogr. hist. pol. royaume {m} de Navarre | Kingdom of Navarre [Basque kingdom that occupied lands on either side of the western Pyrenees, alongside the Atlantic Ocean between present-day Spain and France between 824 and 1620] | |
| hist. mil. pol. siège {m} de Compiègne [1430] | siege of Compiègne [1430] [Joan of Arc's final military action with her capture by the Burgundians. A minor siege but important event in the 100 Years' War] | |
| hist. mil. bataille {f} des Quatre Bras [1815] | Battle of Quatre Bras [1815] [although the Anglo-Allied army defeated the left wing of Napoleon's French army, it was not decisive] | |
| hist. mil. pol. guerre {f} d'indépendance espagnole [1808-1814] | Spanish War of Independence [1808-1814] [also: Peninsular War] [military conflict fought by Spain, UK and Portugal against France for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars] | |
| hist. mil. pol. bataille {f} de Guinegatte [1479] | Battle of Guinegate [in 1479, first battle in what became over 500 years of conflict between France and the Habsburgs, Battle won by the Habsburgs] | |
| hist. mil. pol. bataille {f} des champs Catalauniques [451] [aussi: bataille de Campus Mauriacus] | Battle of the Catalaunian Plains [451] [Western Roman Empire defeated the Hunnic Empire] [also: Battle of the Campus Mauriacus] | |
| géogr. Saint-Barthélemy {f} [une île française des petites Antilles et un pays et territoire d'outre-mer] | Saint Barthélemy [also: the Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Barthélemy] [an overseas collectivity of France in the Caribbean] | |
| hist. mil. naut. bataille {f} du Solent [1545] [aussi : bataille du Portsmouth] | Battle of the Solent [1545] [inconclusive engagement (during the Italian Wars) between the fleets of Francis I of France and Henry VIII of England] | |
| géogr. hist. mil. bataille {f} d'Othée [1408] | Battle of Othée [in 1408 the militia and citizens of Liège suffered a heavy defeat against a professional army under John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy.] | |
| math. phys. théorie {f} d'Everett [aussi: l'interprétation d'Everett, théorie des états relatifs ou théorie des mondes multiples] | many-worlds interpretation <MWI> [also: the relative state formulation or the Everett interpretation] | |
| comm. hist. pol. blocus {m} continental [1806-1814] [aussi : le Blocus] | Continental Blockade [1806-1814] [also: Continental System] [large-scale embargo against British trade - policy of Napoleon against the UK during the Napoleonic Wars] | |
| hist. pol. relig. décret {m} de l'Alhambra [1492] | Alhambra Decree [1492] [also: Edict of Expulsion] [ordering the expulsion of practicing Jews from the Crowns of Castile and Aragon] | |
| pol. oblast {m} | oblast [a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the former Soviet Union and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia] | |
| hist. mil. bataille {f} de Rossbach [1757] | Battle of Rossbach [1757] [decisive battle in 7 Years' War in which the Frederick the Great's Prussian Army defeated a much larger combined French & Austrian Army] | |
| hist. mil. pol. massacre {m} de Samothrace [1821] | massacre of Samothrace [1821] [mass murder and enslavement of the Greek population of the island of Samothrace] | |
| hist. pol. Frédéric-Guillaume {m} III [1770-1840] | Frederick William III [1770-1840] [ King of Prussia from 1797 until his death in 1840, ruling during the difficult times of the Napoleonic Wars] | |
| hist. pol. Alexandre {m} I de Russie [1777-1825] [aussi : Alexandre Pavlovitch Romanov] | Alexander I of Russia [1777-1825] [Emperor of Russia (Tsar) from 1801 until death, ruling during the period of the Napoleonic Wars] | |
| hist. Philippe {m} II le Hardi [1342-1404] | Philip II the Bold [1342-1404] [Duke of Burgundy and founder of the Burgundian branch of the House of Valois] | |
| hist. mil. naut. bataille {f} d'Aboukir [1798] | Battle of the Nile [1798] [also: Battle of Aboukir Bay] [decisive naval battle - after Napoleon landed his army, Nelson destroyed the French fleet, trapping the French army in Egypt] | |
| hist. pol. paix {f} d'Amiens [1802] | Treaty of Amiens [1802] [signed by France and UK. Along with Treaty of Lunéville (1801), it ended the War of the 2nd Coalition against France. Peace lasted 1 year] | |
| géogr. pol. Aruba {f} [aussi : Pays d'Aruba] [un État du royaume des Pays-Bas] | Aruba <.aw> [also: Country of Aruba] [a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands] | |
| hist. relig. l'Inquisition {f} espagnole [aussi : tribunal du Saint-Office de l'Inquisition] | the Spanish Inquisition [also: Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition] | |
| géogr. îles {f.pl} Vierges des États-Unis [aussi : îles Vierges américaines] [un territoire non incorporé et organisé insulaire des Antille] | United States Virgin Islands [also: Virgin Islands of the United States] [an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States] | |
| hist. rafle {f} du Vél d'Hiv [1942] [Vélodrome d'Hiver] | Vel' d'Hiv' Roundup [1942] [mass arrest of foreign Jewish families by French police and gendarmes at the behest of the German authorities] | |
| hist. mil. naut. bataille {f} de la baie de Manille [1898] [aussi : bataille de Cavite] | Battle of Manila Bay [1898] [first major engagement of the Spanish–American War, ending the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history] [also: Battle of Cavite] | |
| hist. mil. pol. bataille {f} de Ratisbonne [1809] [aussi : bataille de Regensburg] | Battle of Ratisbon [1809] [also: Battle of Regensburg] [final battle in Bavaria, Napoleon forced the Austrian army to retreat into Bohemia, leaving the way open for Napoleon to enter Vienna] | |
| hist. mil. pol. guerre {f} des Cévennes [1702-1710] [aussi : guerre des Camisards] | Cévennes War [1702-1710] [also: War of the Camisards] [uprising of Protestant peasants during the reign of Louis XIV] | |
| hist. mil. pol. traité {m} de Saint-Clair-sur-Epte [911] | Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte [in 911 between King of West Francia and the Vikings, establishing the Duchy of Normandy] | |
| hist. Philippe {m} le Beau [1478-1506] [Philippe de Habsbourg] | Philip the Handsome [1478-1506] [ruler of the Burgundian Netherlands and titular Duke of Burgundy from 1482 to 1506 and the first Habsburg King of Castile (as Philip I)] | |
| hist. mil. bataille {f} de Buçaco [1810] | Battle of Buçaco [1810] [also: Battle of Bussaco] [major battle in the Portuguese mountains, which resulted in the defeat of French forces by Lord Wellington's Anglo-Portuguese Army] | |
| géogr. hist. mil. bataille {m} de Leipzig [1813] [aussi : bataille de Leipsick ou bataille des Nations] | Battle of Leipzig [1813] [also: Battle of the Nations] [Coalition armies of Austria, Prussia, Sweden, and Russia decisively defeated the Grande Armée of Napoleon] | |
| hist. mil. Bataille {f} de Bouvines [1214] | Battle of Bouvines [the concluding battle of the Anglo-French War of 1213–1214.A French army under King Philip Augustus defeated an Allied army under Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV] | |
| adm. œnol. appellation {f} d'origine contrôlée <AOC> | appellation d'origine contrôlée <AOC> [The quality-control system imposed on the production of higher quality wines] | |
| hist. mil. pol. première guerre {f} des Boers [1880-1881] [aussi : première guerre anglo-boer ou guerre du Transvaal] | First Boer War [1880-1881] [also: First Anglo–Boer War, the Transvaal War or the Transvaal Rebellion] | |
| hist. pol. traité {m} de Picquigny [1475] | Treaty of Picquigny [1 year after the Treaty of London, England & France signed a peace treaty (7-year truce) in 1475 which left France to deal alone with the threat from Duke of Burgundy] | |
| hist. pol. Frédéric {m} II de Prusse [1712-1786] [aussi : Frédéric le Grand or le vieux Fritz] | Frederick II [1712-1786] [also: Frederick the Great or The Old Fritz] [King of Prussia from 1740 until his death in 1786] | |
| hist. pol. Louis {m} XIV [1638-1715] [aussi : Louis le Grand ou le Roi-Soleil] | Louis XIV [1638-1715] [also: Louis the Great or the Sun King] [King of France from 1643 until his death] | |
| hist. pol. Marie-Antoinette {f} Josèphe Jeanne de Habsbourg-Lorraine [1755-1793] | Marie Antoinette [1755-1793] [born Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna, in 1770 she married Louis-Auguste, heir apparent to the French throne, and became Queen in 1774. She died on the guillotine] | |
| géogr. dépendances {f.pl} fédérales de Venezuela [constituées de 72 îles au large des terres vénézuéliennes dans la mer des Caraïbes et du golfe du Venezuela] | Federal Dependencies of Venezuela [most of Venezuela's offshore islands in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Venezuela] | |
| hist. pol. Charles {m} IV le Bel [1294-1328] [aussi : Charles de la Marche] | Charles IV the Fair [1294-1328] [last king of the direct line of the House of Capet, King of France from 1322 to 1328] | |
| hist. mil. journée {f} des Harengs [1429] [bataille des harengs] [bataille de Rouvray] | Battle of the Herrings [Battle of Rouvray] [in 1429, part of the siege of Orléans in the 100 Years' War. English forces decisively defeated French forces attempting to intercept a supply convoy.] | |
| hist. mil. pol. seconde guerre {f} des Boers [1899-1902] [aussi : guerre des Boers, la guerre d'Afrique du Sud ou la deuxième guerre anglo-boer] | Second Boer War [1899-1902] [also: Boer War, the Anglo–Boer War, or the South African War] | |
| hist. pol. Louis {m} XV [1710-1774] [aussi : Louis le Bien-Aimé] | Louis XV [1710-1774] [also: Louis the Beloved] [ King of France 1715 until his death in 1774. His reign included the 7 Years' War when France ceded New France to Britain] | |
| adjoindre qn. à qn. | to appoint sb. to assist sb. | |
| adresser qn. à qn. [envoyer] | to refer sb. to sb. | |